Souvenirs Tocqueville
"Le pays était alors divisé en deux parts ou plutôt en deux zones inégales : dans celle d'en haut, qui seule devait contenir toute la vie politique de la nation, il ne régnait que langueur, impuissance, immobilité, ennui ; dans celle d'en bas, la vie politique, au contraire, commençait à se manifester par des symptômes fébriles et irréguliers que l'observateur attentif pouvait aisément saisir.J'étais un de ces observateurs et, bien que je fusse loin d'imaginer que la catastrophe fût si proche et dût être si terrible, je sentais l'inquiétude naître et grandir insensiblement dans mon esprit et s'y enraciner de plus en plus l'idée que nous marchions vers une révolution nouvelle. [...] Je voyais clairement apparaître plusieurs des signes qui annoncent d'ordinaire l'approche des révolutions et je commençais à croire que, en 1830, j'avais pris la fin d'un acte pour la fin de la pièce."Alexis de Tocqueville.
HistoryEurope
RELEASED1999
PUBLISHERGallimard Education
LENGTH528
LANGUAGEFR
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Alexis de TocquevilleFrench political thinker and historian, minister of Foreign Affairs (1805-1859)
Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville (29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859), colloquially known as Tocqueville, was a French aristocrat, diplomat, political scientist and historian. He is best known for his works *Democracy in America* (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and *The Old Regime and the Revolution* (1856). In both, he analysed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science. Tocqueville was active in French politics, first under the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and then during the Second Republic (1849–1851) which succeeded the February 1848 Revolution. He retired from political life after Louis Napoléon Bonaparte's 2 December 1851 coup and thereafter began work on *The Old Regime and the Revolution*. Tocqueville argued the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state which had begun under King Louis XIV. The failure of the Revolution came from the inexperience of the deputies who were too wedded to abstract Enlightenment ideals. Tocqueville was a classical liberal who advocated parliamentary government and was skeptical of the extremes of democracy. During his time in parliament, he sat on the centre-left, but the complex and restless nature of his liberalism has led to contrasting interpretations and admirers across the political spectrum. Regarding his political position, Tocqueville wrote "the word 'left' is... the word I wanted to attach to my name so that it would remain attached to it forever." **Source**: [Alexis de Tocqueville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville) on Wikipedia.
Souvenirs Tocqueville
"Le pays était alors divisé en deux parts ou plutôt en deux zones inégales : dans celle d'en haut, qui seule devait contenir toute la vie politique de la nation, il ne régnait que langueur, impuissance, immobilité, ennui ; dans celle d'en bas, la vie politique, au contraire, commençait à se manifester par des symptômes fébriles et irréguliers que l'observateur attentif pouvait aisément saisir.J'étais un de ces observateurs et, bien que je fusse loin d'imaginer que la catastrophe fût si proche et dût être si terrible, je sentais l'inquiétude naître et grandir insensiblement dans mon esprit et s'y enraciner de plus en plus l'idée que nous marchions vers une révolution nouvelle. [...] Je voyais clairement apparaître plusieurs des signes qui annoncent d'ordinaire l'approche des révolutions et je commençais à croire que, en 1830, j'avais pris la fin d'un acte pour la fin de la pièce."Alexis de Tocqueville.
HistoryEurope
RELEASED1999
PUBLISHERGallimard Education
LENGTH528
LANGUAGEFR
Alexis de TocquevilleFrench political thinker and historian, minister of Foreign Affairs (1805-1859)
Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville (29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859), colloquially known as Tocqueville, was a French aristocrat, diplomat, political scientist and historian. He is best known for his works *Democracy in America* (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and *The Old Regime and the Revolution* (1856). In both, he analysed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science. Tocqueville was active in French politics, first under the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and then during the Second Republic (1849–1851) which succeeded the February 1848 Revolution. He retired from political life after Louis Napoléon Bonaparte's 2 December 1851 coup and thereafter began work on *The Old Regime and the Revolution*. Tocqueville argued the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state which had begun under King Louis XIV. The failure of the Revolution came from the inexperience of the deputies who were too wedded to abstract Enlightenment ideals. Tocqueville was a classical liberal who advocated parliamentary government and was skeptical of the extremes of democracy. During his time in parliament, he sat on the centre-left, but the complex and restless nature of his liberalism has led to contrasting interpretations and admirers across the political spectrum. Regarding his political position, Tocqueville wrote "the word 'left' is... the word I wanted to attach to my name so that it would remain attached to it forever." **Source**: [Alexis de Tocqueville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville) on Wikipedia.
