4.5
de la Democratie en Amerique
by Professor Alexis De Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri M Tocqueville, A Tocqueville
Tout dans l'oeuvre de Tocqueville se rattache plus ou moins directement à un problème unique : dans les sociétés occidentales entraînées par un processus providentiel de démocratisation, la liberté de chaque homme pourra-t-elle subsister ? Si l'idée centrale est une, les périls sont multiples, et depuis 1930 les commentateurs ont mis l'accent sur tel aspect ou tel autre. D'abord, au temps des fascismes occidentaux, ils ont valorisé le refus du totalitarisme, sacrifice de la liberté à un égalitarisme brutal. Depuis la chute de ces régimes, ils ont paraphrasé la vision de Tocqueville des périls insidieux d'une société de consommation qui invite chaque citoyen à se retirer dans le confort d'une vie privée dépourvue de toute solidarité ; et ils ont mis en valeur les pages où Tocqueville montre le danger corrélatif de la substitution aux décisions librement discutées, d'un bureaucratisme tout-puissant et stérile. Tocqueville, observant l'enfance des démocraties modernes, y avait diagnostiqué les germes de maux qui se sont développés avec leur croissance.
UNITED STATES_POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
RELEASED1986
PUBLISHERGallimard Education
LENGTH480
LANGUAGEEN
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Alexis de TocquevilleFrench political thinker and historian, minister of Foreign Affairs (1805-1859)
Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville (29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859), colloquially known as Tocqueville, was a French aristocrat, diplomat, political scientist and historian. He is best known for his works *Democracy in America* (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and *The Old Regime and the Revolution* (1856). In both, he analysed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science. Tocqueville was active in French politics, first under the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and then during the Second Republic (1849–1851) which succeeded the February 1848 Revolution. He retired from political life after Louis Napoléon Bonaparte's 2 December 1851 coup and thereafter began work on *The Old Regime and the Revolution*. Tocqueville argued the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state which had begun under King Louis XIV. The failure of the Revolution came from the inexperience of the deputies who were too wedded to abstract Enlightenment ideals. Tocqueville was a classical liberal who advocated parliamentary government and was skeptical of the extremes of democracy. During his time in parliament, he sat on the centre-left, but the complex and restless nature of his liberalism has led to contrasting interpretations and admirers across the political spectrum. Regarding his political position, Tocqueville wrote "the word 'left' is... the word I wanted to attach to my name so that it would remain attached to it forever." **Source**: [Alexis de Tocqueville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville) on Wikipedia.
4.5
de la Democratie en Amerique
by Professor Alexis De Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri M Tocqueville, A Tocqueville
Tout dans l'oeuvre de Tocqueville se rattache plus ou moins directement à un problème unique : dans les sociétés occidentales entraînées par un processus providentiel de démocratisation, la liberté de chaque homme pourra-t-elle subsister ? Si l'idée centrale est une, les périls sont multiples, et depuis 1930 les commentateurs ont mis l'accent sur tel aspect ou tel autre. D'abord, au temps des fascismes occidentaux, ils ont valorisé le refus du totalitarisme, sacrifice de la liberté à un égalitarisme brutal. Depuis la chute de ces régimes, ils ont paraphrasé la vision de Tocqueville des périls insidieux d'une société de consommation qui invite chaque citoyen à se retirer dans le confort d'une vie privée dépourvue de toute solidarité ; et ils ont mis en valeur les pages où Tocqueville montre le danger corrélatif de la substitution aux décisions librement discutées, d'un bureaucratisme tout-puissant et stérile. Tocqueville, observant l'enfance des démocraties modernes, y avait diagnostiqué les germes de maux qui se sont développés avec leur croissance.
UNITED STATES_POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
RELEASED1986
PUBLISHERGallimard Education
LENGTH480
LANGUAGEEN
Alexis de TocquevilleFrench political thinker and historian, minister of Foreign Affairs (1805-1859)
Alexis Charles Henri Clérel, comte de Tocqueville (29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859), colloquially known as Tocqueville, was a French aristocrat, diplomat, political scientist and historian. He is best known for his works *Democracy in America* (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and *The Old Regime and the Revolution* (1856). In both, he analysed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science. Tocqueville was active in French politics, first under the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and then during the Second Republic (1849–1851) which succeeded the February 1848 Revolution. He retired from political life after Louis Napoléon Bonaparte's 2 December 1851 coup and thereafter began work on *The Old Regime and the Revolution*. Tocqueville argued the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state which had begun under King Louis XIV. The failure of the Revolution came from the inexperience of the deputies who were too wedded to abstract Enlightenment ideals. Tocqueville was a classical liberal who advocated parliamentary government and was skeptical of the extremes of democracy. During his time in parliament, he sat on the centre-left, but the complex and restless nature of his liberalism has led to contrasting interpretations and admirers across the political spectrum. Regarding his political position, Tocqueville wrote "the word 'left' is... the word I wanted to attach to my name so that it would remain attached to it forever." **Source**: [Alexis de Tocqueville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville) on Wikipedia.
