Foreword François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana p. xi Translator's Note p. xvii 1 5 January 1983: First Hour p. 1 Remarks on method Study of Kant's text: What is Enlightenment? Conditions of publication: journals The encounter between Christian Aufklärung and Jewish Haskala: freedom of conscience Philosophy and present reality The question of the Revolution Two critical filiations 2 5 January 1983: Second Hour p. 25 The idea of tutelage (minorité): neither natural powerlessness nor authoritarian deprivation of rights Way out from the condition of tutelage and critical activity The shadow of the three Critiques The difficulty of emancipation: laziness and cowardice; the predicted failure of liberators Motivations of the condition of tutelage: superimposition of obedience and absence of reasoning; confusion between the private and public use of reason The problematic turn at the end of Kant's text 3 12 January 1983: First Hour p. 41 Reminders of method Definition of the subject to be studied this year Parresia and culture of self Galen's On the Passions and Errors of the Soul Parresia: difficulty in defining the notion; bibliographical reference points An enduring, plural, and ambiguous notion Plato faced with the tyrant of Syracuse: an exemplary scene of parresia The echo of Oedipus Parresia versus demonstration, teaching, and discussion The element of risk 4 12 January 1983: Second Hour p. 61 Irreducibility of the parrhesiastic to the performative utterance: opening up of an unspecified risk/public expression of a personal conviction/bringing a free courage into play Pragmatics and dramatics of discourse Classical use of the notion of parresia: democracy (Polybius) and citizenship (Euripides) 5 19 January 1983: First Hour p. 75 Ion in the mythology and history of Athens Political context of Euripides' tragedy: the Nicias peace History of Ion's birth Alethurgic schema of the tragedy The implication of the three truth-tellings: oracle, confession (l'aveu), and political discourse Structural comparison of Ion and Oedipus the king The adventures of truth-telling in Ion: the double half-lie 6 19 January 1983: Second Hour p. 97 Ion: A nobody, son of nobody Three categories of citizen Consequences of political intrusion by Ion: private hatreds and public tyranny In search of a mother Parresia irreducible to the actual exercise of power and to the citizen's status The agonistic game of truth-telling: free and risky Historical context: the Cleon/ Nicias debate Creusa's anger 7 26 January 1983: First Hour p. 113 Continuation and end of the comparison between Ion and Oedipus: the truth does not arise from an investigation but from the clash of passions The rule of illusions and passions The cry of confession and accusation G. Dumézil's analyses of Apollo DuméZil's categories applied to Ion Tragic modulation of the theme of the voice Tragic modulation of the theme of gold 8 26 January 1983: Second Hour p. 131 Tragic modulation of the theme of fertility Parresia as imprecation: public denunciation by the weak of the injustice of the Powerful Creusa's second confession (aveu): the voice of confession (confession) Final episodes: from murder plan to Athena's appearance 9 2 February 1983: First Hour p. 149 Reminder of the Polybius text Return to Ion: divine and human veridictions The three forms of parresia: statutory-political; judicial; moral Political parresia: its connection with democracy; its basis in an agonistic structure Return to the Polybius text: the isegoria/parresia relationship Politeia and dunasteia: thinking of politics as experience Parresia in Euripides: The Phoenician Women; Hippolytus; The Bacchae; orestes The Trial of Orestes 10 2 February 1983: Second Hour p. 173 The rectangle of parresia: formal condition, de facto condition, truth condition, and moral condition Example of the correct functioning of democratic parresia in Thucydides: three discourses of Pericles Bad parresia in Isocrates 11 9 February 1983: First Hour p. 187 Parresia: everyday usage; political usage Reminder of three exemplary scenes: Thucydides; Isocrates; Plutarch Lines of evolution of parresia The four great problems of ancient political philosophy: the ideal city; the respective merits of democracy and autocracy; addressing the Prince's soul; the philosophy/rhetoric relationship Study of three texts by Plato 12 9 February 1983: Second Hour p. 209 Plato's letters: the context Study of Letter V: the phone constitutions; reasons for non-involvement Study of Letter VII Dion's history Plato's political autobiography The journey to Sicily Why Plato accepts: kairos; philia; ergon 13 16 February 1983: First Hour p. 223 Philosophical ergon Comparison with the Alcibiades The reality of philosophy: the courageous address to power First condition of reality: listening, the first circle The philosophical oeuvre: a choice; a way; an application The reality of philosophy as work of self on self (second circle) 14 16 February 1983: Second Hour p. 245 The failure of Dionysius The Platonic rejection of writing Mathemata versus sunousia Philosophy as practice of the soul The philosophical digression of Letter VII: the five elements of knowledge The third circle: the circle of knowledge The philosopher and the legislator Final remarks on contemporary interpretations of Plato 15 23 February 1983: First Hour p. 259 The enigmatic blandness of Plato's political advice The advice to Dionysius The diagnosis, practice of persuasion, proposal of a regime Advice to Dion's friends Study of Letter VIII Parresia underpins political advice 16 23 February 1983: Second Hour p. 285 Philosophy and politics: necessary relationship but impossible coincidence Cynical and Platonic game with regard to politics The new historical conjuncture: thinking a new political unit beyond the city-state From the public square to the Prince's soul The Platonic theme of the philosopher-king 17 2 March 1983: First Hour p. 299 Reminders about political parresia Points in the evolution of political parresia The major questions of ancient philosophy Study of a text by Lucian Ontology of discourses of veridiction Socratic speech in the Apology The paradox of the political non-involvement of Socrates 18 2 March 1983: Second Hour p. 325 End of study of Socrates' Apology: parresia/rhetoric opposition Study of the Phaedrus: general plan of the dialogue The conditions of good logos Truth as permanent function of discourse Dialectic and psychagogy Philosophical parresia 19 9 March 1983: First Hour p.