Machine generated contents note: List of Illustrations xi -- Preface xv -- Introduction 3 -- The Great Division 5 -- Words and Institutions 10 -- PART I: BEFORE FINE ART AND CRAFT -- Overview 17 -- 1 The Greeks Had No Word for It 19 -- Art, techne, ars 19 -- The Artisan/Artist 22 -- Beauty and Function 24 -- 2 Aquinas's Saw 28 -- From "Servile" to "Mechanical" Arts 28 -- Artificers 30 -- The Idea of Beauty 33 -- 3 Michelangelo and Shakespeare: Art on the Rise 35 -- Opening up the Liberal Arts 35 -- The Changing Status of Artisan/Artists 38 -- The Ideal Qualities of the Artisan/Artist 45 -- Shakespeare, Jonson, and the "Work" 47 -- A Proto-Aesthetic? 53 -- 4 Artemisia's Allegory: Art in Transition 57 -- The Artisan/Artist's Continuing Struggle for Status 60 -- The Image of the Artisan/Artist 65 -- Steps toward the Category of Fine Art 67 -- The Role of Taste 71 -- PART II: ART DIVIDED -- Overview 75 -- 5 Polite Arts for the Polite Classes 79 -- Constructing the Category of Fine Art 80 -- The New Institutions of Fine Art 88 -- The New Art Public 94 -- 6 The Artist, the Work, and the Market 99 -- The Separation of the Artist from the Artisan 99 -- The Ideal Image of the Artist ill -- The Fate of the Artisan 115 -- The Gender of Genius 121 -- The Ideal of the "Work of Art" 123 -- From Patronage to the Market 126 -- 7 From Taste to the Aesthetic 130 -- Learning Aesthetic Behavior 133 -- The Art Public and the Problem of Taste 137 -- The Elements of the Aesthetic 140 -- Kant and Schiller Sum up the Aesthetic 146 -- PART III: COUNTERCURRENTS -- Overview 153 -- 8 Hogarth, Rousseau, Wollstonecraft 157 -- Hogarth's "Hedonist Aesthetics" 157 -- Rousseau's Festival Aesthetics 159 -- Wollstonecraft and the Beauty of Justice 164 -- 9 Revolution: Music, Festival, Museum 169 -- The Collapse of Patronage 169 -- The Revolutionary Festivals 171 -- Revolutionary Music 175 -- The Revolution and the Museum 180 -- PART IV: THE APOTHEOSIS OF ART -- Overview 187 -- o1 Art as Redemptive Revelation 189 -- Art Becomes an Independent Realm 189 -- The Spiritual Elevation of Art 194 -- n The Artist: A Sacred Calling 197 -- The Exalted Image of the Artist 197 -- The Descent of the Artisan 206 -- 12 Silences: Triumph of the Aesthetic 213 -- Learning Aesthetic Behavior 213 -- The Rise of the Aesthetic and the Decline of Beauty 219 -- The Problem of Art and Society 221 -- PART V: BEYOND FINE ART AND CRAFT -- Overview 225 -- 13 Assimilation and Resistance 229 -- The Assimilation of Photography 229 -- Varieties of Resistance: Emerson, Marx, Ruskin, Morris 234 -- The Arts and Crafts Movement 239 -- 14 Modernism, Anti-Art, and the Bauhaus 246 -- Modernism and Purity 246 -- The Case of Photography 251 -- Anti-Art 253 -- The Bauhaus 258 -- Three Philosopher-Critics on the Division of Art 263 -- Modernism and Formalism Triumphant 266 -- 15 Beyond Art and Craft? 269 -- "Primitive" Art 270 -- Crafts-as-Art 274 -- Architecture as Art 278 -- The Photography-as-Art Boom 282 -- The "Death of Literature"? 284 -- Mass Art 286 -- Art and Life 289 -- Public Art 297 -- Conclusion 303 -- Notes 309 -- References 319 -- Index 343.