The postwar period has seen radical changes in Australia. Increased dependence on the United States, an influx of European and Asian immigrants, and a series of economic booms and recessions have confronted Australians with the challenge of surviving as an offshoot of European civilization in a largely Asian region and securing a prosperous future with declining support from European markets and investment. This final volume in the Oxford History of Australia details this volatile period, showing that while some Australians have resisted the pressures for change, most have adapted resourcefully and intelligently to the task of creating a new nation able to survive into the 21st century.